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恪別𡧲版𢯢𢷮𧵑「隻𤿤𧵑戰船Méduse」

隻𤿤𧵑戰船Méduse (䀡碼源)

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[[file:JEAN LOUIS THÉODORE GÉRICAULT - La Balsa de la Medusa (Museo del Louvre, 1818-19).jpg|thumb|隻𤿤𧵑戰船Méduse|300px|right]]
[[file:JEAN LOUIS THÉODORE GÉRICAULT - La Balsa de la Medusa (Museo del Louvre, 1818-19).jpg|thumb|隻𤿤𧵑戰船Méduse|300px|right]]
'''隻𤿤𧵑戰船Méduse'''（Chiếc bè của chiến thuyền Méduse、[[㗂法]]：Le Radeau de la Méduse）羅𠬠幅[[杣油|張杣油]]得畫士浪漫𠊛法 [[Théodore Géricault]]（1791-1824）實現𥪝時間1818─1819。幅張得完成欺翁27歲、吧伮㐌㨋成𠬠表像朱[[主義浪漫]]法。𠇍戟𡱩491cm×716cm （193,3in×282,3in）<ref>Berger, Klaus. "Géricault and His Work". Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1955. 78</ref>、伮羅𠬠幅張摹寫𠬠曠刻羅後果自務𣺻[[艚frigate]] Méduse𧵑海軍法、𢖖欺被𢹇𣵲𠓨𣈜5𣎃7𢆥1816在塳㴜外𣾺在坡㴜𦓡𣈜𣋚𠉞屬𧗱{{MRT2}}。𠃣一147𠊛被㵢𣼸𨕭𠬠隻𤿤暫備得㨂𢖖欺𡥵艚𢹇𣵲、仍15𠊛㐌貼命13𣈜𠓀欺𣱆得解救、吧仍𠊛𤯨卒沛𠹾鄧難[[難𩟡|𩟡]]、[[渴]]、𣱆[[𩛖𦧘同類|𩛖𦧘]]吝饒𠬠格癲𠱋。事件呢㐌㨋成𠬠務𠾦𦁀國際、𠬠份爲原因𡘯𧵑伮羅由事少可能𧵑船長𠊛法、被歸結羅得認職𠁑審權𧵑制度[[Bourbon復皇|君主法𣃣得復回]]。𨕭實際、君[[Louis XVIII𧵑法|Louis XVIII]]空𣎏權𨖲㗂𥪝役補任船長、爲𠓀箕共如𣈜𠉞、國王空得直接參加𠓨各局補任船長朱各戰船。[[名冊爵號貴族歐洲|子爵]]Chaumareys、𠬠貴族㐌得補任爫船長𧵑Méduse、如𠬠𠑉慣常例得實現𥪝內部部海軍。
'''隻𤿤𧵑戰船Méduse'''（Chiếc bè của chiến thuyền Méduse、[[㗂法]]：Le Radeau de la Méduse）羅𠬠幅[[杣油|幀杣油]]得畫士浪漫𠊛法 [[Théodore Géricault]]（1791-1824）實現𥪝時間1818─1819。幅幀得完成欺翁27歲、吧伮㐌㨋成𠬠表像朱[[主義浪漫]]法。𢭲戟𡱩491[[偏絲𠼽|cm]]×716cm （193,3in×282,3in）<ref>Berger, Klaus. "Géricault and His Work". Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1955. 78</ref>、伮羅𠬠幅幀摹寫𠬠頃刻羅後果自務沈[[艚frigate]] Méduse𧵑[[海軍法]]、𢖖欺被𢹇𣵲𠓨𣈜2𣎃7𢆥1816在塳㴜外𣾺在坡㴜𦓡𣈜𣋚𠉞屬𧗱{{MRT2}}。𠃣一147𠊛被㵢𣼸𨕭𠬠隻𤿤暫備得㨂𢖖欺𡥵艚𢹇𣵲、仍15𠊛㐌貼命13𣈜𠓀欺𣱆得解救、吧仍𠊛𤯨卒沛𠹾鄧難[[難𩟡|𩟡]]、[[渴]]、𣱆[[𩛖𦧘同類|𩛖𦧘]]吝饒𠬠格癲𠱋。事件呢㐌㨋成𠬠務𠾦𦁀國際、𠬠份爲原因𡘯𧵑伮羅由事少可能𧵑船長𠊛法、被歸結羅得認職𠁑審權𧵑制度[[Bourbon復皇|君主法𣃣得復回]]。𨕭實際、君[[Louis XVIII𧵑法|Louis XVIII]]空𣎏權𨖲㗂𥪝役補任船長、爲𠓀箕共如𣈜𠉞、國王空得直接參加𠓨各局補任船長朱各戰船。[[名冊爵號貴族歐洲|子爵]]Chaumareys、𠬠貴族㐌得補任爫船長𧵑Méduse、如𠬠𠑉慣常例得實現𥪝內部部海軍。


𥪝役攄撰景悲劇爫主題朱𠬠作品𡘯頭先──空得抔據哀委託辭𠬠事件歷史近低── Géricault𣎏意㦖攄撰𠬠事故浽㗂爲伮𠱊造𠚢事關心𡘯𧵑[[輿論]]吧𠢞起動事業𧵑𨉟<ref name="Louvre">[http://www.louvre.fr/llv/activite/detail_parcours.jsp?CURRENT_LLV_PARCOURS%3C%3Ecnt_id=10134198673226914&CONTENT%3C%3Ecnt_id=10134198673327664&CURRENT_LLV_CHEMINEMENT%3C%3Ecnt_id=10134198673327664&bmLocale=en 隻𤿤𧵑戰船Méduse]。[[寶藏Louvre|Louvre]]。追及𣈜19/11/2008.</ref>。事件捲吸𠊛畫士𥘷、吧𠓀欺翁實現版𦘧𡳳、翁㐌進行研究漊𢌌吧實現𡗊版璞草。翁㐌訪問𠄩𥪝數𠊛群𤯨卒、吧搓𥩯𠬠模型枝節𧗱隻𤿤。翁㐌𦤾各家殼吧病院、坭翁𣎏體觀察𤑟牟色吧結構𧵑𦧘𧵑𠊛插𣩁吧㐌𣩁。如翁㐌預斷、幅張㐌𢲧慄𡗊爭𠳚欺出現𠞺頭先在局[[展覽]]張在[[Paris]]𢆥1819、伮㐌收吸𡗊𠳒𠰙議濃熱吧𠳒𨖲案共墨度相當。雖然、伮㐌達得名㗂國際吧𣈜𠉞、伮得䀡如先鋒𩦓塘𥪝歷史班頭𧗱風潮浪漫𥪝繪畫法。
𥪝役攄撰景悲劇爫主題朱𠬠作品𡘯頭先──空得抔據哀委託辭𠬠事件歷史近低── Géricault𣎏意㦖攄撰𠬠事故浽㗂爲伮𠱊造𠚢事關心𡘯𧵑[[輿論]]吧𠢞起動事業𧵑𨉟<ref name="Louvre">[http://www.louvre.fr/llv/activite/detail_parcours.jsp?CURRENT_LLV_PARCOURS%3C%3Ecnt_id=10134198673226914&CONTENT%3C%3Ecnt_id=10134198673327664&CURRENT_LLV_CHEMINEMENT%3C%3Ecnt_id=10134198673327664&bmLocale=en 隻𤿤𧵑戰船Méduse]。[[寶藏Louvre|Louvre]]。追及𣈜19/11/2008.</ref>。事件捲吸𠊛畫士𥘷、吧𠓀欺翁實現版𦘧𡳳、翁㐌進行研究漊𢌌吧實現𡗊版璞草。翁㐌訪問𠄩𥪝數𠊛群𤯨卒、吧搓𥩯𠬠模型枝節𧗱隻𤿤。翁㐌𦤾各家殼吧病院、坭翁𣎏體觀察𤑟牟色吧結構𧵑𦧘𧵑𠊛插𣩁吧㐌𣩁。如翁㐌預斷、幅張㐌𢲧慄𡗊爭𠳚欺出現𠞺頭先在局[[展覽]]張在[[Paris]]𢆥1819、伮㐌收吸𡗊𠳒𠰙議濃熱吧𠳒𨖲案共墨度相當。雖然、伮㐌達得名㗂國際吧𣈜𠉞、伮得䀡如先鋒𩦓塘𥪝歷史班頭𧗱風潮浪漫𥪝繪畫法。
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各份𧵑幅張得構造𢭸𨕭𨕭𠄩構築形金字塔。週圍𧵑榾帆𡘯於邊賴𧵑穹形頭先。𩁱𠊛𣩁𦣰昂吧𠊛當吸滙於𠌨𠓀造𢧚𡋂𡒯抵仍𠊛𤯨卒𣎏體𨅸𨖲、拸感觸𨖲細頂高、坭𦓡人物中心捤拪𠚢號朱𠬠隻艚救護𥪝絕望。
各份𧵑幅張得構造𢭸𨕭𨕭𠄩構築形金字塔。週圍𧵑榾帆𡘯於邊賴𧵑穹形頭先。𩁱𠊛𣩁𦣰昂吧𠊛當吸滙於𠌨𠓀造𢧚𡋂𡒯抵仍𠊛𤯨卒𣎏體𨅸𨖲、拸感觸𨖲細頂高、坭𦓡人物中心捤拪𠚢號朱𠬠隻艚救護𥪝絕望。


Pallet𧵑Géricault包𠁟牟䏧𣛟稍、吧牟色陰幽𧵑裙襖𧵑仍𠊛𤯨卒、㴜吧𩄲。𥆾中、幅張𥉩𥊴𣅵吧份𡘯調洳𠓨役使用棕牟𥊴、脖牟主要羅牟𣘽、𠬠pallet𦓡Géricault信羅𣎏效果𥪝役演寫悲劇吧忉疸<ref name="Miles, 180">Miles, 180</ref>。映𤏬𥪝幅張得摹寫羅「Caravaggesque」、共如各化士𠊛意常𠦯聯tenebroso（「幽暗」）──役使用使相反𣎏希過𡧲𥊴吧𤏬。𣎏理Géricault空體現媒關心𦤾穹景㴜、使用牟青綠sẫm𧡊爲牟青藍𥄮造事相反𠇍棕牟𧵑隻𤿤共如各人物𥪝張<ref name="M226">Muther, 225–26</ref>。
Pallet𧵑Géricault包𠁟牟䏧𣛟稍、吧牟色陰幽𧵑裙襖𧵑仍𠊛𤯨卒、㴜吧𩄲。𥆾中、幅張𥉩𥊴𣅵吧份𡘯調洳𠓨役使用棕牟𥊴、脖牟主要羅牟𣘽、𠬠pallet𦓡Géricault信羅𣎏效果𥪝役演寫悲劇吧忉疸<ref name="Miles, 180">Miles, 180</ref>。映𤏬𥪝幅張得摹寫羅「Caravaggesque」、共如各化士𠊛意常𠦯聯tenebroso（「幽暗」）──役使用使相反𣎏希過𡧲𥊴吧𤏬。𣎏理Géricault空體現媒關心𦤾穹景㴜、使用牟青綠sẫm𠊝爲牟青藍𥄮造事相反𠇍棕牟𧵑隻𤿤共如各人物𥪝張<ref name="M226">Muther, 225–26</ref>。
 
== 展覽吧接認 ==
『隻𤿤𧵑戰船Méduse』得徵排𠞺頭先在局展覽張在Paris𢆥1819𠁑該標題終終羅Scène de Naufrage（景艚𣺻），墨𠱋主題實事𧵑伮空體𥄮吝朱𠊛䀡當代<ref name=christiansen>Christiansen, Rupert. [http://www.nytimes.com/books/first/c/christiansen-01victorian.html The Victorian Visitors: Culture Shock in Nineteenth-Century Britain]". ''[[The New York Times|New York Times]]'', June 3, 2001. Retrieved on January 04, 2008.</ref>。隻𤿤𧵑Géricault羅𠑖𣇟𧵑局展覽𠞺呢：「伮㧺𠓨𥉴每𠊛吧矯𠊛䀡圍觥伮」（Le Journal de Paris）。君[[Louis XVIII𧵑法|Louis XVIII]]㐌𦤾探局展覽𠀧𣈜𠓀欺開幕，吧遶如詳程朱咍「Monsieur, vous venez de faire un naufrage qui n'en est pas un pour vous」<ref name=wrigley>Reported by Gérard, cited in: {{註釋冊|last=Wrigley|first=Richard|title=The origins of French art criticism: from the Ancien Régime to the Restoration|year=1995|publisher=Clarendon Press|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-817409-7|url=http://books.google.com/books?ei=211CTsblEc7Hsgbh0rXhBw|page=76}}</ref>，暫譯羅「疎𠊛（Géricault），𡥵艚𣺻𧵑𠊛一定空及災厄」<ref name=barnes>{{註釋冊|last=Barnes|first=Julian|title=A history of the world in 10 1/2 chapters|year=1990|publisher=Picador|location=London|isbn=0-330-31399-1|edition=Paperback |page=126}}</ref>。各家批評㐌得分支：用羨吧「terribilità」𧗱念耽迷實現主題，仍信徒場派古典體現事振恄𧵑𣱆𧗱仍之𣱆摹寫如𠬠「腖殼𣩁」，主義現實𦓡𣱆得䁛羅𠬠奢辭「𡲈𢢲理想」入體𤳸Girodet𥪝Pygmalion吧Galatea（戰勝共𢆥妬）。工程𧵑Géricault㐌對𩈘𠇍𠬠逆理𡘯𧵑繪畫：爫勢鬧抵𠬠主題驚駭吧甚至「𡃊𠺸」如勢𣎏體㨋成𠬠作品美術得讚賞？爫勢鬧抵藝術和解得𠇍實際？Coupin Marie-Philippe de la Couperie，𠬠畫士法，共時𠇍Géricault確實：「𠊛Géricault㐌𥄮耒。目標𧵑繪Géricault畫羅訥仍條𢢲𢙵𠇍心魂吧𡥵𥉴，𠊝爲𢲧𠚢感覺𧁷𠹾憾𠺸如勢」。仍幅張吻得慄𡗊𠊛仰慕，𥪝妬𣎏家文兼家批評藝術浽㗂Auguste Jal，𠬠𠊛空惜𠳒嘎議主題芒性政治挵對吧意識𢢊自由𧵑伮（𦛼域𠊛𥰊古𡮤𠸣，批判主義保皇極端）。家史學Jules Michelet群爫朱問題㨋𢧚嚴重欣欺翁警報社會當時：「全部社會眾咱當𠫾𨕭隻𤿤Méduse」<ref name="Louvre" />。
   
   
==  參考 ==
==  參考 ==
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=== 註釋 ===
=== 註釋 ===
{{參考|2}}
{{參考|2}}
=== 書目 ===
{{refbegin|30em}}
* Alhadeff, Albert. ''The Raft of the Medusa: Géricault, Art, and Race'', Prestel, 2002, ISBN 3-7913-2782-8, ISBN 978-3-7913-2782-2
* [[Julian Barnes|Barnes, Julian]].  ''[[A History of the World in 10½ Chapters]]''.  London: Jonathan Cape, 1989.  ISBN 0-09-954012-6.  Chapter 5, ''Shipwreck'', is an analysis of the painting.
* Berger, Klaus & Gaericault, Thaeodore. ''Gericault: Drawings & Watercolors''. New York: H. Bittner and Company, 1946.
* Boime, Albert. ''Art in an Age of Counterrevolution 1815–1848''. Chicago: [[University of Chicago Press]], 2004. ISBN 0-226-06337-2
* Borias, Georges-Antoine. ''Géricault: The Raft of the 'Medusa''' (Film). The Roland Collection of Films on Art. Directed by Touboul, Adrien, 1968.
* Eitner, Lorenz. ''Gericault's 'Raft of the Medusa'''. New York, Phaidon, 1972. ISBN 0-8021-4392-X
* Eitner, Lorenz. ''19th Century European Painting: David to Cézanne''. Westview Press, 2002. ISBN 0-8133-6570-8
* Elsen, Albert. ''The Gates of Hell by Auguste Rodin''. [[Stanford University Press]], 1985. ISBN 0-8047-1273-5
* Fried, Michael. ''Manet's Modernism: Or, the Face of Painting in the 1860s''. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998. ISBN 0-226-26217-0
* Grigsby, Darcy Grimaldo. ''Extremities: Painting Empire in Post-Revolutionary France, (a study of the works of Girodet, Gros, Gericault, and Delacroix).'' [[Yale University Press]], 2002. ISBN 0-300-08887-6
* Hagen, Rose-Marie & Hagen, Rainer. ''What Great Paintings Say''. Vol. 1. Taschen, 2007 (25th Ed). 374–7. ISBN 3-8228-4790-9
* McKee, Alexander. ''Wreck of the Medusa, The Tragic Story of the Death Raft''. London: Souvenir Press, 1975. ISBN 0-451-20044-6
* Miles, Jonathan.  ''The Wreck of the Medusa: The Most Famous Sea Disaster of the Nineteenth Century''. [[Atlantic Monthly Press]], 2007. ISBN 978-0-87113-959-7
* Muther, Richard. ''The History of Modern Painting Vol. 1''. London: J.M. Dent, 1907.
* Néret, Gilles. ''Eugène Delacroix: The Prince of Romanticism''. Taschen, 2000. ISBN 3-8228-5988-5
* Nicholas, Lynn H. (1994). ''The Rape of Europa: the Fate of Europe's Treasures in the Third Reich and the Second World War.'' New York: [[Alfred A. Knopf]].  10-ISBN 0-679-40069-9/13-ISBN 978-0-679-40069-1; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/246524635 OCLC 246524635]
* Noon, Patrick & Bann, Stephen. ''Crossing the Channel: British and French Painting in the Age of Romanticism''. London: [[Tate Publishing Ltd|Tate Publishing]], 2003. ISBN 1-85437-513-X (see also "Riding" below)
* Novotny, Fritz. ''Painting and Sculpture in Europe, 1780 to 1880''. Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1960.
* Riding, Christine. "The Raft of the Medusa in Britain". In: Noon, Patrick & Bann, Stephen. ''Crossing the Channel: British and French Painting in the Age of Romanticism''. London: Tate Publishing, June 2003. ISBN 1-85437-513-X
* Riding, Christine. "The Fatal Raft: Christine Riding Looks at British Reaction to the French Tragedy at Sea Immortalised in Gericault's Masterpiece 'the Raft of the Medusa'". ''[[History Today]]'', February 2003.
* Rowe Snow, Edward. ''Tales of Terror and Tragedy''. New York: Dodd Mead, 1979. ISBN 0-396-07775-7
* Wellington, Hubert. ''The Journal of Eugène Delacroix''. Phaidon ([[Cornell University Press]]), 1980. Library of Congress Number 80-66413
* Wintle, Justin. ''Makers of Nineteenth Century Culture''. London: Routledge, 2001. ISBN 0-415-26584-3
{{refend}}
== 聯結外 ==
* The official painting record at the [http://www.louvre.fr/llv/oeuvres/detail_notice.jsp?CONTENT%3C%3Ecnt_id=10134198673236500&CURRENT_LLV_NOTICE%3C%3Ecnt_id=10134198673236500&FOLDER%3C%3Efolder_id=9852723696500815&baseIndex=0&bmLocale=en louvre website]


{{Wikipedia|Chiếc bè của chiến thuyền Méduse}}
{{Wikipedia|Chiếc bè của chiến thuyền Méduse}}
𥙩自「http://www.hannom-rcv.org/wi/index.php/特別:MobileDiff/3282...13675」